The Movement of “Bunmei Kaika” in Vietnam in Late 19th and Early 20th Centuries

The movement of “Bunmei Kaika” in Vietnam, which was initiated and developed throughout the nineteenth century and the early twentieth century with the proposal to renovate the country following the trend to acquire and learn about the Western civilization, had positive impacts on all aspects of the social life in Vietnam at this time, awakening the sense of national self—strengthening to fight against the absolute monarchy, to improve the intellectual standards of the people as well as to expand economic and social development in the direction of civilization, … Therefore, it is of great theoretical and practical significance to investigate and clarify the historical context and the process of shaping and developing the “Bunmei Kaika” movement in Vietnam in comparison with the Japanese one, thereby, proposing useful lessons for the process of modernization in Vietnam